Lewis structure chart

Every structure on the site, side by side: 60 neutral molecules and 30 polyatomic ions. Valence electrons, shape, bond angle, hybridization and polarity, all computed from the formula. Click a formula for the diagram and the full working.

Molecule	Valence e−	Shape	Angle	Hybrid.	Polarity
AlCl₃ Aluminium chloride	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	nonpolar
AsF₅ Arsenic pentafluoride	40	trigonal bipyramidal	90° and 120°	sp³d	nonpolar
BeCl₂ Beryllium chloride	16	linear	180°	sp	nonpolar
BF₃ Boron trifluoride	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	nonpolar
BH₃ Borane	6	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	nonpolar
Br₂ Bromine	14	linear	—	sp³	nonpolar
BrF₃ Bromine trifluoride	28	T-shaped	<90°	sp³d	polar
BrF₅ Bromine pentafluoride	42	square pyramidal	<90°	sp³d²	polar
C₂H₂ Acetylene	10	linear	180°	sp	nonpolar
C₂H₄ Ethylene	12	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	nonpolar
C₂H₆ Ethane	14	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	nonpolar
C₆H₆ Benzene · 2 resonance forms	30	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	nonpolar
CCl₄ Carbon tetrachloride	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	nonpolar
CH₂O Formaldehyde	12	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	polar
CH₃Cl Chloromethane	14	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	polar
CH₃OH Methanol	14	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	polar
CH₄ Methane	8	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	nonpolar
CHCl₃ Chloroform	26	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	polar
Cl₂ Chlorine	14	linear	—	sp³	nonpolar
ClF₃ Chlorine trifluoride	28	T-shaped	<90°	sp³d	polar
ClF₅ Chlorine pentafluoride	42	square pyramidal	<90°	sp³d²	polar
CO Carbon monoxide	10	linear	—	sp	polar
CO₂ Carbon dioxide	16	linear	180°	sp	nonpolar
CS₂ Carbon disulfide	16	linear	180°	sp	nonpolar
F₂ Fluorine	14	linear	—	sp³	nonpolar
H₂O Water	8	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	polar
H₂O₂ Hydrogen peroxide	14	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	polar
H₂S Hydrogen sulfide	8	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	polar
H₂SO₄ Sulfuric acid	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	polar
H₃PO₄ Phosphoric acid	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	polar
HCl Hydrogen chloride	8	linear	—	sp³	polar
HCN Hydrogen cyanide	10	linear	180°	sp	polar
HNO₃ Nitric acid · 2 resonance forms	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	polar
I₂ Iodine	14	linear	—	sp³	nonpolar
IF₅ Iodine pentafluoride	42	square pyramidal	<90°	sp³d²	polar
N₂ Nitrogen	10	linear	—	sp	nonpolar
N₂H₄ Hydrazine	14	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	polar
N₂O Nitrous oxide · 2 resonance forms	16	linear	180°	sp	polar
NF₃ Nitrogen trifluoride	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	polar
NH₃ Ammonia	8	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	polar
NO Nitric oxide	11	linear	—	sp²	polar
NO₂ Nitrogen dioxide · 2 resonance forms	17	bent	≈134°	sp²	polar
O₂ Oxygen	12	linear	—	sp²	nonpolar
O₃ Ozone · 2 resonance forms	18	bent	≈119°	sp²	polar
OF₂ Oxygen difluoride	20	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	polar
PCl₅ Phosphorus pentachloride	40	trigonal bipyramidal	90° and 120°	sp³d	nonpolar
PF₅ Phosphorus pentafluoride	40	trigonal bipyramidal	90° and 120°	sp³d	nonpolar
PH₃ Phosphine	8	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	polar
SCl₂ Sulfur dichloride	20	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	polar
SeF₄ Selenium tetrafluoride	34	seesaw	<90° and <120°	sp³d	polar
SeF₆ Selenium hexafluoride	48	octahedral	90°	sp³d²	nonpolar
SF₄ Sulfur tetrafluoride	34	seesaw	<90° and <120°	sp³d	polar
SF₆ Sulfur hexafluoride	48	octahedral	90°	sp³d²	nonpolar
SiCl₄ Silicon tetrachloride	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	nonpolar
SiH₄ Silane	8	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	nonpolar
SO₂ Sulfur dioxide · 2 resonance forms	18	bent	≈119°	sp²	polar
SO₃ Sulfur trioxide · 3 resonance forms	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	nonpolar
XeF₂ Xenon difluoride	22	linear	180°	sp³d	nonpolar
XeF₄ Xenon tetrafluoride	36	square planar	90°	sp³d²	nonpolar
XeO₃ Xenon trioxide	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	polar

Polyatomic ions

Same calculation, one extra term: the charge is part of the electron count, so a 2− ion has two more electrons to place than its atoms brought. Asking whether an ion is polar is the wrong question - it carries a net charge either way - so the last column says where that charge ends up instead. There is also a full table of polyatomic ions with names and charges.

Ion	Valence e−	Shape	Angle	Hybrid.	Charge
BrO₃⁻ Bromate ion	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	1−
C₂H₃O₂⁻ Acetate ion · 2 resonance forms	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	1−
C₂O₄²⁻ Oxalate ion · 4 resonance forms	34	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	2−
ClO⁻ Hypochlorite ion	14	linear	—	sp³	1−
ClO₂⁻ Chlorite ion	20	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	1−
ClO₃⁻ Chlorate ion	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	1−
ClO₄⁻ Perchlorate ion	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	1−
CN⁻ Cyanide ion	10	linear	—	sp	1−
CO₃²⁻ Carbonate ion · 3 resonance forms	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	2−
H₂PO₄⁻ Dihydrogen phosphate ion	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	1−
H₃O⁺ Hydronium ion	8	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	1+
HCO₃⁻ Bicarbonate ion · 2 resonance forms	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	1−
HPO₄²⁻ Hydrogen phosphate ion	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	2−
HS⁻ Hydrosulfide ion	8	linear	—	sp³	1−
HSO₃⁻ Hydrogen sulfite ion	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	1−
HSO₄⁻ Hydrogen sulfate ion	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	1−
I₃⁻ Triiodide ion	22	linear	180°	sp³d	1−
ICl₂⁻ Dichloroiodate ion	22	linear	180°	sp³d	1−
ICl₄⁻ Tetrachloroiodate ion	36	square planar	90°	sp³d²	1−
IO₃⁻ Iodate ion	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	1−
NH₂⁻ Amide ion	8	bent	≈104.5°	sp³	1−
NH₄⁺ Ammonium ion	8	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	1+
NO₂⁻ Nitrite ion · 2 resonance forms	18	bent	≈119°	sp²	1−
NO₃⁻ Nitrate ion · 3 resonance forms	24	trigonal planar	120°	sp²	1−
O₂²⁻ Peroxide ion	14	linear	—	sp³	2−
OH⁻ Hydroxide ion	8	linear	—	sp³	1−
PO₄³⁻ Phosphate ion	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	3−
SCN⁻ Thiocyanate ion · 2 resonance forms	16	linear	180°	sp	1−
SO₃²⁻ Sulfite ion	26	trigonal pyramidal	≈107°	sp³	2−
SO₄²⁻ Sulfate ion	32	tetrahedral	109.5°	sp³	2−

How to read this table

Valence electrons is the total the atoms bring between them - the budget the whole structure has to fit inside. Shape is the molecular geometry: where the atoms are, ignoring the lone pairs. Angle is the angle between two bonds at the central atom, which lone pairs squeeze below the ideal value. Hybridization follows directly from the number of electron domains. Polarity is the vector sum of the bond dipoles: symmetric shapes cancel, bent and pyramidal ones usually do not. An angle written with a ≈ is a VSEPR prediction rather than an exact value: once a lone pair distorts the parent geometry, the model says which way the angle moves but not by how much. The VSEPR chart draws every shape in the table.